What does disengagement theory propose about aging?

Disengagement theory proposes that as individuals age, they gradually withdraw from social interactions and roles, leading to a narrowing of their social spheres. This process is viewed as a natural and mutual disengagement between older adults and society, suggesting that both the individual and society benefit from this separation. The theory posits that retiring from social roles allows younger generations to take over those roles, facilitating a smoother transition within society. It recognizes that this withdrawal can also minimize the emotional and physical burdens on aging individuals, allowing them to prepare for the eventual end of life.

The other choices do not align with the core ideas of disengagement theory. Aging does not inherently lead to increased social engagement or prominence of social roles, nor does it encourage individuals to remain active within society—these concepts are more supportive of alternative theories regarding aging, such as activity theory, which argues for remaining involved and active.