What type of family structure did upper-class families exhibit according to Gomm?

Upper-class families, as described by Gomm, often exhibit a mixed family structure that incorporates both nuclear and extended elements. This means that while they maintain a core nuclear family configuration, which consists of parents and their children, they also integrate extended family members such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, or cousins into their domestic setup. This blending allows upper-class families to leverage larger social networks and resources, facilitating greater social capital.

The presence of extended family can provide support in terms of childcare, financial resources, and maintaining social status or connections within influential circles. The mixed nuclear and extended family structure is particularly prevalent among upper-class families due to their emphasis on lineage, heritage, and maintaining family legacies, which often require the involvement of a broader family network.

Other options, such as primarily nuclear or almost entirely extended, would not capture the complexity and cohesion typical of upper-class familial relationships. Single-parent structures, while valid forms of family, do not represent the more traditional and multifaceted family experience often found among the upper class.